Elementary Psychology Exam 1 Practice

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• Broca's area is located in which lobe and is essential for which function?
• Which statement describes negative punishment?
• Schachter-Singer theory argues that emotion arises from:
• Discriminative stimulus is best defined as?
• Which statement cautions that an unexplained event may still have an explanation?
• In sympathetic activation, which of the following changes occur?
• Damage to the temporal lobe can result in which visual deficit?
• Which structure transmits signals to the next neuron?
• What was different about Einstein's brain?
• If damage to the amygdala, what is the result?
• Which neurotransmitter is associated with anorexia in the hypothalamus?
• What does the basal ganglia do?
• Which of the following is not typically listed among Ekman’s six basic emotions?
• What does the forebrain do?
• James-Lange theory posits that emotion is the result of:
• What is the cerebral cortex?
• Unit Bias refers to people consuming more food because they are influenced by the size of servings or units rather than the actual plate fill.
• PTSD is characterized by re-experiencing trauma through flashbacks, nightmares, and intrusive thoughts.
• What is a commonly expressed flaw with introspection?
• What are the three major divisions of the brain?
• Vicarious conditioning is?
• What does the hippocampus do?
• Serotonin is concentrated in which brain areas and is involved in sleep and arousal?
• Nature vs. Nurture is an example of?
• When thinking of localization of function, it is important to remember to ...
• In classical conditioning, the term that describes the learned signal after pairing is the
• What does the somatosensory homunculus represent in the brain?
• In the cautionary points, what is another term used to describe coincidences?
• What are the three main parts in the forebrain?
• What should you do with alternate explanations?
• In operant conditioning, which reinforcement schedule is based on the number of responses emitted?
• Which reinforcement schedule is based on a variable number of responses, producing high and steady rates of response?
• Which reinforcement schedule yields high, steady responding with unpredictable reinforcement?
• Two main reactions to Freud are?
• What is the effect of Gaba on neurons?
• Neuropsychology of the cortex posits what?
• Bem's theory posits that erotic arousal stems from exotic experiences due to temperament differences.
• Which figure is associated with introspection as a method in psychology?
• The Cognitive Revolution is described as a reaction to which framework?
• Fast pain is described as which of the following?
• Freud proposed that behavior can be caused by what kind of events?
• Phineas Gage's accident provided early evidence that frontal lobe damage can affect which aspects?
• A reinforcement schedule where the first response after a fixed amount of time is reinforced is called a
• Phineas Gage is famous for an injury to which brain region and its behavioral effects?
• In the sequence of how neurons work, what is the first event after the resting potential?
• Which statement correctly describes the cortex's main characteristics?
• What does the hindbrain do?
• What are the four phases of the sexual response cycle?
• What are the 3 characteristics of science?
• Damage to which brain region can result in cortical blindness, the inability to process what you see?
• What potential confound did the Le Vay study acknowledge due to the participant sample?
• Which statement about the cerebral cortex is true?
• Electrical communication is due to which?
• Which term describes the approach that breaks down mental processes into basic elements?
• Which functions are associated with the frontal lobe?
• Which statement describes the somatosensory homunculus mapping?
• Dopamine is concentrated in the basal ganglia and frontal lobes and is associated with which conditions when deficient in the basal ganglia or excessive in the frontal lobes?
• Which event completes the return to the neuron's resting potential after an action potential?
• Whose idea was structuralism?
• Which neurotransmitter's primary role includes facilitating learning and memory and is widely distributed in the cortex?
• Carl E. Seashore is best described as which?
• Which statement best describes excitatory neurotransmission?
• Which term describes strengthening a behavior by presenting a reinforcing stimulus after it occurs?
• Bem's exotic becomes erotic theory suggests that sexual orientation develops because temperament predisposes children to prefer activities that are different from peers, leading to later arousal.
• Which is a comprehensive list of important parts of the neuron?
• What does the midbrain do?
• Which sequence best represents the continuing, alternating pattern of neural communication described in the material?
• Neuronal Communication is an example of?
• Which of the following statements identifies the two foundations of psychology?
• Regarding the soma, which statement describes its role in neuron signaling?
• What is the value of resting potential?
• According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need is at the top (highest level)?
• In the four-stage sexual response cycle, which option lists the stage that immediately follows Orgasm?
• Whose idea was functionalism?
• In studies of portion control, Unit Bias describes the tendency to eat more when presented with larger units or plates.
• Whose idea was introspection?
• Getting an A after studying hard for an exam illustrates which principle?
• According to the dual-center theory, which brain structure contains two centers for hunger and satiety?
• What does the amygdala do?
• Which figure is associated with the development of structuralism?
• Occipital lobe statement true?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of science?
• Extinction refers to which process in classical conditioning?
• According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need is at the bottom?
• Chemical communication is due to which?
• The three main behaviorists are?
• What was wrong with HM?
• How are emotions best described?
• During the pairing phase, which element is paired with the unconditioned stimulus?
• The parasympathetic nervous system is best described as:
• After-pairing, the following pair is formed:
• Which event leads to hyperpolarization?
• Which describes localization caution?
• Bold claims aren't necessarily true.
• According to localization of function, how is the size of the cortical area related to the complexity of a behavior?
• What does the all-or-none principle state about an action potential?
• Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory and hyperpolarizes neurons?
• Reinforcement increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur again. Which statement best describes reinforcement?
• Which concept best describes Hebbian learning?
• Cortex on a cellular level refers to the wiring of neurons; the phrase 'neurons that fire together, wire together' describes this process. Which statement best describes it?
• Structuralism is primarily concerned with which of the following?
• What is the first step in identifying reinforcement or punishment?
• Which phase of classical conditioning involves presenting the neutral stimulus together with the unconditioned stimulus?
• The process of learning the consequences of an action by observing someone else experience them is called?
• If neurotransmitter action is blocked, what is the likely effect on the brain's ability to change?
• Which theory explicitly claims that emotion results from the combination of arousal and cognitive labeling?
• What is introspection?
• Which statement about cortical representation is true?
• According to Masters and Johnson, which statement best summarizes the sexual response cycles of men and women?
• What is released into the synapse to communicate with the next neuron?
• Which statement best describes hyperpolarization?
• A dog collar that shocks a dog when they bark illustrates which concept?
• In lecture 1, there were 2 main points about psychology. One was that psychology is a young science. What is the second point?
• Which statement correctly describes negative reinforcement?
• During synaptic transmission, what happens when an action potential arrives at the synapse?
• What term describes the internal balance that maintains a stable physiological state?
• What is naive realism?
• Observational learning and modeling involve?
• HM? Which Structure Was Damaged Causing Short-Term Memory Loss?
• Cannon-Bard theory states that emotional experience and physiological arousal occur:
• Taking away a child's favorite toy to reduce misbehavior illustrates which?
• Damage to the parietal lobe affecting spatial perception can cause which neglect phenomenon?
• Occipital lobe is primarily involved in?
• Where are the amygdala and hippocampus located?
• Where is the body's set point located?
• Which study is associated with the Little Albert experiment?
• Broca's area is located in which region and is primarily associated with which function?
• Operant conditioning is best defined as:
• Temporal lobe damage can result in language difficulties (comprehension aphasia), with written comprehension better than spoken.
• Serotonin is concentrated in which brain areas and is involved in sleep and arousal, with links to LSD effects and serotonin syndrome?
• Electrical communication contains which ions?
• Which term describes the response elicited by the conditioned stimulus after conditioning?
• What are the two foundations of psychology?
• Before conditioning begins, which triple correctly describes the components involved?
• If Broca's area is damaged, it can result in which type of aphasia?
• Which of the following is one of the four Fs associated with hypothalamic function?
• Who is considered the father of psychology?
• Functionalism seeks to understand which of the following?
• An annoying seat belt reminder illustrates which conditioning concept?
• Which phase immediately follows Excitement in the sexual response cycle?
• Which statement is consistent with Masters and Johnson's view of sexual response cycles?
• Discriminative stimulus example: An out-of-order light on a vending machine signals the presence of reinforcement contingencies.
• The temporal lobe is involved in which primary functions?
• Which statement best captures the second main idea about psychology from lecture 1?
• What is behaviorism?
• The sympathetic nervous system primarily causes which of the following?
• What is the general sequence for neural communication?
• What happens immediately after threshold is reached at -50 mV?
• What are the two main neurotransmitters critical to the cortex?
• Which option is NOT one of the four stages of the standard sexual response cycle?
• Which term refers to early behavioral tendencies evident before personality forms?
• Which statement best describes glutamate's role in the brain?
• What happens if there is a lesion to the lateral hypothalamus?
• In reinforcement schedules, which schedule is based on the elapsed time rather than the number of responses?
• A lesion in the ventromedial hypothalamus would most likely result in which outcome?
• Which order lists the major divisions from most recent to oldest?
• What is functionalism?
• Which option best describes the shift toward studying observable behavior in early psychology?
• The term for the theory that environmental stimuli trigger both physiological arousal and the subjective experience of emotion at the same time is:
• Damage to which lobe is primarily associated with processing visual information and spatial relations and can lead to cortical issues if damaged?
• What is structuralism?
• Which neurotransmitter is primarily excitatory in the cortex?
• In Le Vay's anatomical study, what was the primary focus?
• What is the typical resting membrane potential of neurons?
• According to James-Lange theory, smiling can contribute to the feeling of happiness because of:
• Dopamine imbalance is associated with Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia; in which neurotransmitter is involved?
• Under the all-or-none principle, the amplitude of an action potential is:
• Which of the following lists the four main neurotransmitters mentioned?
• Which term describes reinforcing successive approximations toward a target behavior?
• Which statement is a cautionary point of science?
• Paul Ekman proposed that there are how many basic emotions?
• What does depolarization do to a neuron's membrane potential?
• If damage to the hippocampus, what is the result?
• Don't appeal to authority.
• If damage to basal ganglia, what is the result?
• Which functions do the parietal lobe primarily support?
• Shaping is defined as?
• Which neurotransmitter is commonly discussed in relation to appetite regulation and anorexia?